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IntroductionKey FindingsHealth OutcomesSocial and Economic FactorsPhysical EnvironmentClinical CareAppendixMeasures TableMethodologyLimitationsReferencesData Source DescriptionsDemographic Group Definitions
2024 Maternal and Infant Health Disparities Data Brief2024 Maternal and Infant Health Disparities Data Brief - State Profiles2024 Maternal and Infant Health Disparities Data Brief - Measures Table2024 Maternal and Infant Health Disparities Data Brief – Infographics2024 Maternal and Infant Health Disparities Data Brief – Data Export
Clinical Care
Adequate Prenatal Care
Percentage of live births in which the mother received prenatal care beginning in the first four months of pregnancy with the appropriate number of visits for the infant’s gestational age.
March of Dimes, Perinatal Data Center, 2021-2022
Maternity Care Access
Percentage of females ages 18-44 reporting access to each of the four levels of maternity care: maternal care desert, low access, moderate access, full access.
March of Dimes, Perinatal Data Center, 2021-2022
Maternity Practices Score
Maternity Practices in Infant and Nutrition Care (mPINC) survey score based on seven birth facility policies and practices, with higher scores denoting better maternity care policies and practices.
CDC, mPINC State Report Series, 2018, 2019, 2022
Uninsured
Percentage of females ages 18-44 who do not have health insurance coverage.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2010-2014, 2018-2022
Well-Woman Visit
Percentage of women ages 18-44 with a preventive medical visit in the past year.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011-2014, 2015-2018, 2019-2022
Health Outcomes
Health Risks During Pregnancy
Percentage of births for which a mother had one or more risk factors. Risk factors include: prepregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, prepregnancy hypertension, gestational hypertension, eclampsia, previous preterm birth, infertility treatment used, fertility enhancing drugs used, assistive reproductive technology used, previous Cesarean delivery.
CDC WONDER, Natality Public Use Files, 2018-2022
Infant Mortality
Number of infant deaths (before age 1) per 1,000 live births.
CDC WONDER, Linked Birth/Infant Death Files, 2008-2011, 2013-2016, 2018-2021
Low Birth Weight
Percentage of infants weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces) at birth.
CDC WONDER, Natality Public Use Files, 2007-2010, 2013-2016, 2019-2022
Maternal Mortality
Number of deaths related to or aggravated by pregnancy (excluding accidental or incidental causes) occurring within 42 days of the end of a pregnancy per 100,000 live births.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, Federally Available Data, 2017-2021 (2018-2021 for race/ethnicity)
Severe Maternal Morbidity
Number of significant life-threatening maternal complications during delivery per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, Federally Available Data, 2020
Physical Environment
Food Sufficiency
Percentage of children ages 0-5 whose household could always afford to eat nutritious meals in the past 12 months.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, National Survey of Children's Health, 2016-2017, 2018-2019, 2021-2022
Severe Housing Cost Burden
Percentage of females ages 18-44 living in households for which housing costs are more than 50% of household income.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2010-2014, 2018-2022
Social & Economic Factors
Poverty
Percentage of females ages 18-44 who live below the poverty level.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2010-2014, 2018-2022
Residential Mobility
Percentage of females ages 18-44 who have lived in their current residence for less than one year.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2010-2014, 2018-2022