Close
Executive BriefIntroductionNational SnapshotFindingsHealth OutcomesSocial and Economic FactorsClinical CareBehaviorsState RankingsAppendixMeasures Table – WomenMeasures Table – ChildrenData Source DescriptionsMethodologyState Summaries
US Summary
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US SummaryAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingBehaviors | Smoking and Tobacco Use
E-cigarette use among women ages 18-44 exceeded 10%, while rates of smoking among women decreased.
E-Cigarette Use Among Women
Electronic cigarettes, also called e-cigarettes, vapes or vape pens, are devices that use heat to make an aerosol that users inhale. E-cigarettes may contain additives such as ultrafine particles that can go deep into the lungs, cancer-causing chemicals and flavoring chemicals linked to lung disease and injury.
Nationally, 10.8% of women ages 18-44 — 5.8 million women — reported using e-cigarettes or other electronic vaping products at least once in their lifetime and now use daily or some days in 2022.
Disparities. E-cigarette use significantly varied by geography, disability, race/ethnicity, education, age, sexual orientation, income, veteran status and metropolitan status in 2022. The prevalence was:
- 2.8 times higher among women with independent living difficulty (22.7%) and women who have difficulty with self-care (22.4%) compared with those who do not have a disability (8.0%).
- 2.4 times higher among high school graduates (12.2%) and women with some post-high school education (12.2%) compared with college graduates (5.0%).
- 1.8 times higher among women with an annual household income less than $25,000 (11.5%) than those with incomes of $75,000 or more (6.4%).
- 1.5 times higher among women who have served in the U.S. armed forces (15.9%) compared with those who have not served (10.7%).
- 1.3 times higher among women living in non-metropolitan areas (13.4%) than those in metropolitan areas (10.5%).
Note: The value for women with independent living difficulty may not differ significantly from the values for those who have difficulty with cognition, those who have difficulty with self-care, those who have difficulty seeing and those who have difficulty with hearing based on overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The same is true for multiracial, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native women; and Asian, Black and Hispanic women; as well as women with incomes less than $25,000, women with incomes of $25,000-$49,999 and women with incomes of $50,000-$74,999.
Smoking Among Women
As the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., cigarette smoking is responsible for the deaths of more than 480,000 Americans every year, including 201,770 women. One study estimated the probability of female smokers living to age 80 to be 38%, compared with 70% for female nonsmokers.
Changes over time. Nationally, smoking — the percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke daily or some days — decreased 16%, from 13.4% to 11.2% between 2019-2020 and 2021-2022. In 2021-2022, about 6 million women in the U.S. were active smokers, 1.1 million fewer women than in 2019-2020. The prevalence decreased among all ages and some educational attainment groups, as well as among women living in metropolitan areas. By group, the largest decreases were:
- 42% among women ages 18-24 (7.9% to 4.6%), 16% among women ages 25-34 (14.8% to 12.4%) and 8% among women ages 35-44 (16.2% to 14.9%).
- 14% among women who graduated from high school (23.8% to 20.5%) and 11% among women with some post-high school education (18.3% to 16.2%).
Smoking among women decreased in seven states, led by: 31% in both Hawaii (12.4% to 8.6%) and Kentucky (25.5% to 17.6%), and 30% in Connecticut (11.4% to 8.0%).
Disparities. Smoking among women significantly varied by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, geography, income, disability and age in 2021-2022. The rate was:
- 4.8 times higher among women with less than a high school education (22.9%) than college graduates (4.8%).
- 3.5 times higher among women with an annual household income less than $25,000 (24.1%) than those with incomes of $75,000 or more (6.9%).
- 3.4 times higher among women who have difficulty with self-care (29.0%) than those without a disability (8.5%).
- 3.2 times higher among women ages 35-44 (14.9%) than those ages 18-24 (4.6%).
Note: The values for multiracial, American Indian/Alaska Native and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women may not differ significantly based on overlapping confidence intervals. The same is true for women with less than a high school education and high school graduates. It is also true for women who have difficulty with self-care, those who have difficulty with mobility, those with independent living difficulty and those who have difficulty hearing.
Smoking During Pregnancy
Tobacco use during pregnancy has been linked to serious health problems, including: miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy; preterm birth and low birth weight; birth defects of the mouth and lip; abnormal bleeding during pregnancy and delivery; damage to a baby’s developing lungs and brain that can last through childhood and adolescence and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Changes over time. Nationally, smoking during pregnancy — the percentage of mothers who reported smoking cigarettes during pregnancy — decreased 20%, from 4.6% to 3.7% between 2021 and 2022, and 56% (from 8.4%), between 2014 and 2022. In 2022, about 134,000 mothers smoked during pregnancy, 34,000 fewer than in 2021.
Thirty states and the District of Columbia had decreases greater than or equal to the national change, led by: 44% in the District of Columbia (1.6% to 0.9% of live births), 38% in Delaware (5.2% to 3.2%) and 31% in Idaho (5.5% to 3.8%).
Disparities. Smoking during pregnancy varied by geography. In 2022, the rate was 21.9 times higher in West Virginia (15.3%) than California (0.7%).
Related Measure: Household Smoke Among Children
Changes over time. Household smoke — the percentage of children ages 0-17 who live in households where someone used cigarettes, cigars or pipe tobacco — decreased 16%, from 13.7% to 11.5% of U.S. children between 2020-2021 and 2022-2023.
The prevalence decreased among some racial/ethnic and educational attainment groups. By group, the largest decreases were:
- 23% among multiracial (16.7% to 12.8%), 19% among Black (15.3% to 12.4%) and 15% among white (14.7% to 12.5%) children.
- 20% among children whose caregiver has some post-high school education (21.0% to 16.9%) and 14% among children with a caregiver who graduated from college (7.0% to 6.0%).
Disparities. The prevalence of household smoke significantly varied by geography, caregiver educational attainment and race/ethnicity in 2022-2023. The percentage was:
- 3.4 times higher among children with a caregiver who graduated from high school (20.6%) than those with a caregiver who graduated from college (6.0%).
Note: The values among American Indian/Alaska Native, multiracial, Black and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children may not differ significantly based on overlapping 95% confidence intervals. The same is true for Asian, Hispanic and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander children.