Appendix Measures Table Women | 2024 Health Of Women And Children Report

Executive Brief Introduction National SnapshotFindingsHealth Outcomes Social and Economic Factors Clinical Care Behaviors State RankingsAppendixMeasures Table – Women Measures Table – Children Data Source Descriptions MethodologyState Summaries

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2024 Health of Women and Children Report 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – Executive Brief 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – State Summaries 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – Concentrated Disadvantage County-Level Maps 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – Measures Table 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – Infographics 2024 Health of Women and Children Report – Report Data (All States)

Social and Economic Factors - Women
Community and Family Safety
Firearm Deaths*
Number of deaths due to firearm injury of any intent (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 females ages 20-44.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Injury Deaths
Number of deaths due to injury per 100,000 females ages 20-44.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Intimate Partner Violence Before Pregnancy*
Percentage of women with a recent live birth who experienced violence by a husband or partner (current or former) in the 12 months before pregnancy.
CDC, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System or state equivalent, 2022
Economic Resources
Concentrated Disadvantage^
Percentage of households (with children) that are located in census tracts for which the averaged z-score of the following factors is above the 75th percentile: family households below the poverty line, individuals receiving public assistance, female-headed households, unemployment age 16 and older and population younger than 18.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018-2022
Food Insecurity
Percentage of households unable to provide adequate food for one or more household members due to lack of resources.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Household Food Security in the United States Report Series, 2020-2022
Gender Pay Gap*
Women’s median annual earnings as a percentage of men’s median annual earnings for full-time, year-round civilian workers age 16 and older.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Poverty
Percentage of females ages 18-44 who live below the poverty level.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Unemployment
Percentage of the female civilian workforce that is unemployed.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022
Education
College Graduate
Percentage of women ages 25-44 who graduated from a college or technical school.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Social Support and Engagement
Infant Child Care Affordability*
Average price for center-based infant care as a percentage of married couple’s median income.
Child Care Aware, Annual Price of Care Report Series, 2024 Publication
Residential Segregation - Black/White
Index of dissimilarity, with higher values indicating greater segregation between Black and non-Hispanic white households, ranging from zero (complete integration) to 100 (complete segregation).
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018-2022
Voter Participation (Average)†
Average of the percentage of female U.S. citizens age 18 and older who voted in the last presidential and national midterm elections.
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Voting and Registration Supplement, 2020/2022
Physical Environment - Women and Children
Air and Water Quality
Air Pollution
Average exposure of the general public to particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less, measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020-2022
Drinking Water Violations
Average number of health-based drinking water violations per community water system in a state.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Enforcement and Compliance History Online, Safe Drinking Water Information System, 2022
Household Smoke
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who live in households where someone uses cigarettes, cigars or pipe tobacco.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, National Survey of Children's Health, 2022-2023
Water Fluoridation†
Percentage of population served by community water systems that have fluoridated water.
CDC, Water Fluoridation Reporting System, 2020
Climate and Health
Climate Policies
Number of the following state policies in place: legally binding electricity portfolio standards, carbon pricing policies, climate change action plans and economy-wide greenhouse gas emission targets.
Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2023
Transportation Energy Use*
Amount of energy in trillion British thermal units (BTUs) consumed by the transportation of people and goods per 100,000 population.
U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System, 2022
Housing and Transportation
Drive Alone to Work
Percentage of female workers age 16 and older who drive alone to work.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Housing Cost Burden
Percentage of households with one or more children younger than 18 years for which housing costs are more than 30% of household income.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2022
Housing With Lead Risk
Percentage of housing stock with potential elevated lead risk due to age of housing.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Clinical Care - Women
Access to Care
Adequate Prenatal Care
Percentage of live births in which the mother received prenatal care beginning in the first four months of pregnancy with the appropriate number of visits for the infant's gestational age.
March of Dimes, Perinatal Data Center, 2022
Avoided Care Due to Cost
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported a time in the past 12 months when they needed to see a doctor but could not because of cost.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Maternity Care Desert*
Percentage of females ages 15-44 living in a county with no birth centers, certified nurse midwives, family practice physicians, obstetricians or hospitals that provide obstetric care.
March of Dimes, Perinatal Data Center, 2024 Report
Uninsured Women
Percentage of women ages 19-44 not covered by private or public health insurance.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Women's Health Providers
Number of obstetricians, gynecologists and midwives per 100,000 females age 15 and older.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, September 2023
Preventive Clinical Care
Cervical Cancer Screening
Percentage of women ages 25-44 who reported receiving cervical cancer screening consistent with the USPSTF guidelines.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Dental Visit
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported visiting a dentist or dental clinic within the past year.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Flu Vaccination
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported receiving a seasonal flu vaccine in the past 12 months.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Postpartum Visit*
Percentage of women with a recent live birth who reported receiving a postpartum checkup.
CDC, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System or state equivalent, 2022
Well-Woman Visit
Percentage of women ages 18-44 with a preventive medical visit in the past year.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Quality of Care
Breastfeeding Initiation
Percentage of infants who were breastfed between birth and discharge from the hospital.
CDC WONDER, Natality Public Use Files, 2022
Dedicated Health Care Provider
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported having a personal doctor or health care provider.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Low-Risk Cesarean Delivery
Percentage of singleton, head-first, term (37 or more completed weeks) first births that were cesarean deliveries.
CDC WONDER, Natality Public Use Files, 2022
Maternity Practices Score†
Maternity Practices in Infant and Nutrition Care (mPINC) survey score based on seven birth facility policies and practices, with higher scores denoting better maternity care policies and practices.
CDC, mPINC State Report Series, 2022
Behaviors - Women
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Exercise†
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who met the federal physical activity guidelines (150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity and two days of muscle strengthening per week) in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2019
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption†
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported consuming two or more fruits and three or more vegetables daily.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Physical Inactivity
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported doing no physical activity or exercise other than their regular job in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Sexual Health
Chlamydia
Number of new cases of chlamydia per 100,000 females ages 15-44.
CDC, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Atlas, 2022
High-Risk HIV Behaviors
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported having done any of the following in the past year: injected any drug other than those prescribed for them; been treated for a sexually transmitted disease or STD; or given or received money or drugs in exchange for sex.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Unintended Pregnancy*
Percentage of women with a recent live birth who did not want to become pregnant or wanted to become pregnant later.
CDC, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System or state equivalent, 2022
Sleep Health 
Insufficient Sleep
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported sleeping, on average, fewer than seven hours in a 24-hour period.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Smoking and Tobacco Use
E-Cigarette Use*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported using e-cigarettes or other electronic vaping products at least once in their lifetime and now use daily or some days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Smoking
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke daily or some days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Smoking During Pregnancy
Percentage of mothers who reported smoking cigarettes during pregnancy.
CDC WONDER, Natality Public Use Files, 2022
Health Outcomes - Women
Behavioral Health
Drug Deaths*
Number of deaths due to drug injury (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 females ages 20-44.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Excessive Drinking
Percentage of females ages 18-44 who reported binge drinking (four or more drinks on one occasion in the past 30 days) or heavy drinking (eight or more drinks per week).
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Frequent Mental Distress
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported their mental health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Illicit Drug Use
Percentage of women ages 18-49 who reported misusing prescription psychotherapeutics (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants or sedatives) or using cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants or methamphetamine in the past year.
U.S. HHS, SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2021-2022
Postpartum Depression*
Percentage of women with a recent live birth who reported experiencing depressive symptoms.
CDC, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System or state equivalent, 2022
Mortality
Maternal Mortality*
Number of deaths related to or aggravated by pregnancy (excluding accidental or incidental causes) occurring within 42 days of the end of a pregnancy per 100,000 live births.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, Federally Available Data, 2018-2022
Mortality Rate
Number of deaths per 100,000 women ages 20-44.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2022
Physical Health
Frequent Physical Distress
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported their physical health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
High Blood Pressure†
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have high blood pressure.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
High Health Status*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported their health is very good or excellent.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Multiple Chronic Conditions
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who have three or more of the following chronic health conditions: arthritis, asthma, CKD, COPD, CVD (heart disease, heart attack, or stroke), cancer (excluding skin), depression or diabetes.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Arthritis*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have some form of arthritis.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Asthma*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported ever being told by a health professional that they currently have asthma.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Cancer*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they had any type of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer).
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Cardiovascular Diseases*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they had angina or coronary heart disease, a heart attack or myocardial infarction, or a stroke.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Chronic Kidney Disease*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have kidney disease (excluding kidney stones, bladder infection or incontinence).
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Depression*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, minor depression or dysthymia.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Diabetes*
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who reported being told by a health professional that they have diabetes (excluding prediabetes and gestational diabetes).
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Obesity
Percentage of women ages 18-44 who have a body mass index of 30.0 or higher based on reported height and weight
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021-2022
Severe Maternal Morbidity*
Number of significant life-threatening maternal complications during delivery per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations.
U.S. HHS, HRSA MCHB, Federally Available Data, 2021
Demographics
Population - Ages 18-44*
Percentage of population that is female, ages 18-44.
CDC WONDER, Single-Race Population Estimates, 2022

* Additional measure, excluded from the calculation of overall or category summation measures.
† Data in this edition were repeated from the last edition.
^ Data for each of the components are available in the Explore Data section.

Measures Table – Women

Social and Economic Factors - Women

Community and Family Safety

Economic Resources

Education

Social Support and Engagement

Physical Environment - Women and Children

Air and Water Quality

Climate and Health

Housing and Transportation

Clinical Care - Women

Access to Care

Preventive Clinical Care

Quality of Care

Behaviors - Women

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Sexual Health

Sleep Health

Smoking and Tobacco Use

Health Outcomes - Women

Behavioral Health

Mortality

Physical Health

Demographics

Reports

Explore Data

News

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