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Executive BriefForewordIntroductionNational HighlightsFindingsHealth OutcomesSocial and Economic FactorsClinical CareBehaviorsState RankingsAppendixMeasures TableData Source DescriptionsMethodologyState Summaries
US Summary
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
US SummaryAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingSOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
Community and Family Safety
Firearm Deaths - Ages 65+*
Deaths due to firearm injury of any intent (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2019-2021
Motor Vehicle Deaths - Ages 65+*
Deaths due to motor vehicle traffic crash on a public roadway per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older.
U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System, 2020
Economic Resources
Food Insecurity - Ages 60+
Percentage of adults ages 60 and older who faced the threat of hunger in the past 12 months.
Feeding America, The State of Senior Hunger in America, 2020 (U.S.); 2019-2020 (states)
Poverty - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who live below the poverty level.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
Poverty Racial Disparity - Ages 65+*
Ratio of the poverty rate of the racial/ethnic group with the highest rate (varies by state) to the non-Hispanic white rate among adults ages 65 and older.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
SNAP Reach - Ages 60+†
Number of adults ages 60 and older who participated in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) per 100 adults ages 60 and older who live in poverty.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households, 2019
Education
College Graduate - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported having a college degree.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
Social Support and Engagement
Community Support Expenditures
Dollars captured by the Administration on Aging per adult ages 60 and older.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Administration for Community Living, State Program Reports, 2021
High-speed Internet - Ages 65+
Percentage of households with adults ages 65 and older that have a broadband internet subscription and a computer, smartphone or tablet.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
Low-care Nursing Home Residents†
Percentage of nursing home residents who did not require physical assistance for bed mobility, transferring, using the toilet or eating.
Brown University, Shaping Long-Term Care in America Project, 2020
Risk of Social Isolation - Ages 65+^
Index of social isolation risk factors: poverty; living alone; divorced, separated or widowed; never married; disability; and independent living difficulty among adults ages 65 and older. Normalized values are 1 to 100, with a higher value indicating greater risk.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2017-2021
Volunteerism - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported volunteering in the past 12 months.
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Volunteering and Civic Life Supplement, 2021
Voter Participation (Average) - Ages 65+*†
Average of the percentage of U.S. citizens ages 65 and older who voted in the last presidential and midterm national elections.
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Voting and Registration Supplement, 2018/2020
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Air and Water Quality
Air Pollution
Average exposure of the general public to particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less, measured in micrograms per cubic meter.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2019-2021
Drinking Water Violations†
Percentage of population served by community water systems with a serious drinking water violation in the past year.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Enforcement and Compliance History Online, Safe Drinking Water Information System, 2021
Non-smoking Regulation*
Percentage of population covered by 100% smoke-free laws for restaurants, bars and non-hospitality workplaces.
American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, 2023
Housing and Transit
Housing Cost Burden - Ages 65+*
Percentage of households with one or more adults ages 65 and older for which housing costs are more than 30% of household income.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey PUMS, 2021
Severe Housing Problems - Ages 62+
Percentage of one- and two-person households with adults ages 62 and older with at least one of the following problems: lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of plumbing facilities, overcrowding or cost-burdened occupants.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2015-2019
CLINICAL CARE
Access to Care
Avoided Care Due to Cost - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported a time in the past 12 months when they needed to visit a doctor but could not because of cost.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Geriatric Providers
Number of family medicine and internal medicine geriatricians and nurse practitioners per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, September 2022
Home Health Care Workers
Number of personal care and home health aides per 1,000 adults ages 65 and older.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021
Preventive Clinical Services
Cancer Screenings - Ages 65-75†
Percentage of women ages 65-74 who reported receiving a mammogram in the past two years and percentage of adults ages 65-75 who reported receiving colorectal cancer screening within the recommended time period.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020
Immunizations
COVID-19 Vaccination - Ages 65+*
Percentage of population ages 65 and older who completed the primary COVID-19 vaccination series, defined as having received the second dose in a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine series or one dose of the single-shot J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.
CDC, COVID Data Tracker, February 22, 2023
COVID-19 Vaccination - Updated (Bivalent) Booster - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who received the updated (bivalent) COVID-19 vaccine.
CDC, COVID Data Tracker, February 22, 2023
Flu Vaccination - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported receiving a seasonal flu vaccine in the past 12 months.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Pneumonia Vaccination - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported ever receiving a pneumonia vaccine.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Quality of Care
Dedicated Health Care Provider - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported having a personal doctor or health care provider.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Hospice Care
Percentage of Medicare decedents who were in hospice at time of death.
National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, NHPCO Facts and Figures, 2020
Nursing Home Quality
Percentage of certified nursing home beds rated four or five stars over a three-month period.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Care Compare, September 2022-November 2022
Preventable Hospitalizations - Ages 65-74
Discharges following hospitalization for ambulatory-care sensitive conditions (PQI 90) per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries ages 65-74 enrolled in the fee-for-service program.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Minority Health, Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool, 2021
BEHAVIORS
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Exercise - Ages 65+†
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who met the federal physical activity guidelines (150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity and two days of muscle strengthening per week) in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2019
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported consuming two or more fruits and three or more vegetables daily.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Physical Inactivity - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older in fair or better health who reported doing no physical activity or exercise other than their regular job in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Sleep Health
Insufficient Sleep - Ages 65+†
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported sleeping, on average, fewer than seven hours in a 24-hour period.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Smoking - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke daily or some days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
HEALTH OUTCOMES
Behavioral Health
Cognitive Difficulty - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported having physical, mental or emotional problems or difficulty remembering, concentrating or making decisions.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
Depression - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported being told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, minor depression or dysthymia.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Drug Deaths - Ages 65+*
Deaths due to drug injury (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2019-2021
Excessive Drinking - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported binge drinking (four or more [females] or five or more [males] drinks on one occasion in the past 30 days) or heavy drinking (eight or more [females] or 15 or more [males] drinks per week).
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Frequent Mental Distress - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported their mental health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Suicide - Ages 65+
Deaths due to intentional self-harm per 100,000 adults ages 65 and older.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2019-2021
Mortality
Early Death - Ages 65-74
Deaths per 100,000 adults ages 65-74.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2021
Early Death Racial Disparity - Ages 65-74*
Ratio of the early death rate of the racial/ethnic group with the highest rate (varies by state) to the non-Hispanic white rate among adults ages 65-74.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2021
Physical Health
Able-bodied - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older with no cognitive, visual, auditory, ambulatory, self-care and/or independent living difficulty disabilities.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
Falls - Ages 65+†
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported falling in the past 12 months.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020
Frequent Physical Distress - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported their physical health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
High Health Status - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported their health was very good or excellent.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Multiple Chronic Conditions - Ages 65-74
Percentage of Medicare beneficiaries ages 65-74 with three or more chronic conditions who were enrolled in the fee-for-service program.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Minority Health, Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool, 2021
Obesity - Ages 65+
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older with a body mass index of 30.0 or higher based on reported height and weight.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Teeth Extractions - Ages 65+†
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who reported having all teeth removed due to decay or gum disease.
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020
DEMOGRAPHICS
Population - Adults Ages 65+*
Percentage of population ages 65 and older.
CDC WONDER, Single-Race Population Estimates, 2021
Rural Population - Ages 65+*
Percentage of adults ages 65 and older who live in a rural area.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2021
* Not included in the calculation of overall, model category or topic summation measures.
† Data in this edition were repeated from the last edition.
^ Data for each of the components are available in the Explore Data section.