Appendix Measures Table | 2024 Senior Report

Executive Brief Introduction National HighlightsFindingsHealth Outcomes Social and Economic Factors Physical Environment Clinical Care State RankingsAppendixMeasures Table Data Source Descriptions MethodologyState Summaries

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2024 Senior Report 2024 Senior Report – Executive Brief 2024 Senior Report – State Summaries 2024 Senior Report – Risk of Social Isolation County-Level Maps 2024 Senior Report – Measures Table 2024 Senior Report – Infographics 2024 Senior Report – Report Data (All States)

Social and Economic Factors
Community and Family Safety
Firearm Deaths*
Number of deaths due to firearm injury of any intent (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 adults age 65 and older.
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Internet Crime*
Number of internet crime victim complaints per 10,000 adults age 60 and older.
FBI, Elder Fraud Report Series, 2022
Motor Vehicle Deaths*
Number of deaths due to motor vehicle traffic crashes on a public roadway per 100,000 adults age 65 and older.
U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Fatality Analysis Reporting System, 2021
Economic Resources
Food Insecurity
Percentage of adults age 60 and older who faced the threat of hunger in the past 12 months. 
Feeding America, The State of Senior Hunger in America Report Series, 2020-2021
Poverty
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who live below the poverty level. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Poverty Racial Disparity*
Ratio of the poverty rate of the racial/ethnic group with the highest rate (varies by state) to the non-Hispanic white rate among adults age 65 and older. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
SNAP Reach†
Number of adults age 60 and older who participated in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) per 100 adults age 60 and older who live in poverty. 
USDA, Characteristics of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Households Report Series, 2019
Education
College Graduate*
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported having a college degree. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Social Support and Engagement
Community Support Expenditures^†
Dollars captured by the Administration on Aging per adult age 60 and older. 
U.S. HHS, Administration for Community Living, State Program Reports, 2021
High-Speed Internet
Percentage of households with adults age 65 and older that have a broadband internet subscription and a computer, smartphone or tablet. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Low-Care Nursing Home Residents
Percentage of nursing home residents who did not require physical assistance for bed mobility, transferring, using the toilet or eating. 
Brown University, Shaping Long-Term Care in America Project, 2021
Risk of Social Isolation^
Index of social isolation risk factors (living in poverty; living alone; being divorced, separated or widowed; having never married; having a disability; and having an independent living difficulty) among adults age 65 and older; normalized values are 1 to 100, with a higher value indicating greater risk. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018-2022
Unpaid Elder Care*
Percentage of individuals age 15 and older who reported providing unpaid care or assistance to an adult age 65 or older who needed help because of a condition related to aging. 
U.S. DOL, Bureau of Labor Statistics, American Time Use Survey, 2021-2022
Volunteerism†
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported volunteering in the past 12 months. 
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Volunteering and Civic Life Supplement, 2021
Voter Participation (Average)^*
Average of the percentage of U.S. citizens age 65 and older who voted in the last presidential and the last midterm national elections. 
U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Voting and Registration Supplement, 2020/2022
Physical Environment
Air and Water Quality
Air Pollution
Average exposure of the general public to particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less, measured in micrograms per cubic meter. 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2020-2022
Drinking Water Violations
Average number of health-based drinking water violations per community water system in a state. 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Enforcement and Compliance History Online, Safe Drinking Water Information System, 2022
Smoke-Free Policies*
Percentage of population covered by 100% smoke-free laws for restaurants, bars and non-hospitality workplaces. 
American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation, 2024
Housing and Transit
Housing Cost Burden
Percentage of households with one or more adults age 65 and older for which housing costs are 30% or more of household income. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Severe Housing Problems*
Percentage of one- and two-person households with adults age 62 and older with at least one of the following problems: lack of complete kitchen facilities, lack of plumbing facilities, overcrowding or cost-burdened occupants. 
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2016-2020
Clinical Care
Access to Care
Avoided Care Due to Cost
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported a time in the past 12 months when they needed to visit a doctor but could not because of cost. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Geriatric Clinicians
Number of family medicine and internal medicine geriatricians and nurse practitioners per 100,000 adults age 65 and older. 
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, September 2023
Home Health Care Workers
Number of personal care and home health aides per 1,000 adults age 65 and older. 
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022
Preventive Clinical Services
Cancer Screenings
Percentage of women ages 65-74 who reported receiving a mammogram in the past two years and percentage of adults ages 65-75 who reported receiving colorectal cancer screening within the recommended time period. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Flu Vaccination
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported receiving a seasonal flu vaccine in the past 12 months
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Pneumonia Vaccination
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported ever receiving a pneumonia vaccine. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Quality of Care
Dedicated Health Care Provider
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported having a personal doctor or health care provider. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Hospice Care†
Percentage of Medicare decedents who were in hospice at time of death. 
National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, NHPCO Facts and Figures Report Series, 2020
Nursing Home Quality
Percentage of certified nursing home beds rated four or five stars over a three-month period. 
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Care Compare, September 2023-November 2023
Preventable Hospitalizations
Number of discharges following hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (PQI 90) per 100,000 Medicare beneficiaries ages 65-74 enrolled in the fee-for-service program. 
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Minority Health, Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool, 2022
Behaviors
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Exercise†
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who met the federal physical activity guidelines (150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity and two days of muscle strengthening per week) in the past 30 days. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2019
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption†
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported consuming two or more fruits and three or more vegetables daily. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2021
Physical Inactivity
Percentage of adults age 65 and older in fair or better health who reported doing no physical activity or exercise other than their regular job in the past 30 days. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Sleep
Insufficient Sleep
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported sleeping, on average, fewer than seven hours in a 24-hour period. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Smoking
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke daily or some days. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Health Outcomes
Behavioral Health
Cognitive Difficulty*
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported having difficulty remembering, concentrating or making decisions due to a physical, mental or emotional condition. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Depression*
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported being told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, including depression, major depression, minor depression or dysthymia. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Drug Deaths*
Number of deaths due to drug injury (unintentional, suicide, homicide or undetermined) per 100,000 adults age 65 and older. 
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Excessive Drinking
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported binge drinking (four or more [females] or five or more [males] drinks on one occasion in the past 30 days) or heavy drinking (eight or more [females] or 15 or more [males] drinks per week). 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Frequent Mental Distress
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported their mental health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Suicide
Number of deaths due to intentional self-harm per 100,000 adults age 65 and older . 
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2020-2022
Mortality
Early Death
Number of deaths per 100,000 adults ages 65-74. 
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2022
Early Death Racial Disparity*
Ratio of the early death rate of the racial/ethnic group with the highest rate (varies by state) to the non-Hispanic white rate among adults ages 65-74. 
CDC WONDER, Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2022
Physical Health
Falls†
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported falling in the past 12 months. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020
Frequent Physical Distress
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported their physical health was not good 14 or more days in the past 30 days. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
High Health Status*
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported their health was very good or excellent. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Multiple Chronic Conditions
Percentage of Medicare beneficiaries ages 65-74 with three or more chronic conditions who were enrolled in the fee-for-service program. 
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Minority Health, Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool, 2022
Obesity
Percentage of adults age 65 and older with a body mass index of 30.0 or higher based on reported height and weight. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Teeth Extractions
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported having all teeth removed due to decay or gum disease. 
CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2022
Demographics
Functional Disability - Age 65+*
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who reported having one or more of the following disability types: cognitive, visual, auditory, ambulatory, self-care or independent living difficulties. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
Population - Age 65+* 
Percentage of population age 65 and older. 
CDC WONDER, Single-Race Population Estimates, 2022
Rural Population - Age 65+* 
Percentage of adults age 65 and older who live in a rural area. 
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2022
* Additional measure, not included in the calculation of overall model category or topic summation measures.
† Data in this edition were repeated from the last edition of the Senior Report.
^ Data for each of the components are available in the Explore Data section.

Measures Table

Social and Economic Factors

Community and Family Safety

Economic Resources

Education

Social Support and Engagement

Physical Environment

Air and Water Quality

Housing and Transit

Clinical Care

Access to Care

Preventive Clinical Services

Quality of Care

Behaviors

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Sleep

Smoking and Tobacco Use

Health Outcomes

Behavioral Health

Mortality

Physical Health

Demographics

Reports

Explore Data

News

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