Appendix Measures Table Children | 2020 Health Of Women And Children

Social & Economic Factors
Community and Family Safety
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked community and family safety measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Child Victimization*
Number of children who were victims of maltreatment that was either substantiated or indicated per 1,000 children.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children’s Bureau, Child Maltreatment Report, 2018
Economic Resources - Children
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked economic resources measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Children in Poverty
Percentage of children younger than 18 years who live in households below the poverty threshold.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018
Children in Poverty Racial Gap
The excess percentage of Black children who live in households below the poverty threshold compared with white children.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2014–2018
High-speed Internet 
Percentage of households with children under age 18 that have a broadband internet subscription and a computer, smartphone or tablet.
Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 14.0 [Database]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2019. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V14.0, 2018
Students Experiencing Homelessness
Percentage of public school students who lack a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 2016-2017 School Year
WIC Coverage
Percentage of children ages 1-4 eligible for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) who received WIC benefits in an average month.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, WIC Eligibility and Coverage Rates, 2017
Education - Children
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked education measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Early Childhood Education Enrollment
Percentage of children ages 3-4 who are enrolled in nursery school, preschool or kindergarten.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018
Fourth Grade Reading Proficiency
Percentage of fourth grade students who scored proficient or above on the reading assessment.
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2019
High School Graduation
Percentage of high school students who graduate with a regular high school diploma within four years of starting ninth grade.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2017-2018 School Year
Social Support and Engagement - Children
Sum of weighted z-scores of ranked social support and engagement measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who experienced two or more of the following: parental divorce or separation; living with someone who had an alcohol or drug problem; neighborhood violence victim or witness; living with someone who was mentally ill, suicidal or severely depressed; domestic violence witness; parent served jail time; being treated or judged unfairly due to race/ethnicity; or death of parent.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Foster Care Instability
Percentage of children in foster care with three or more placements within 12 months.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Children's Bureau, Child Welfare Outcomes Report Data, 2018
Neighborhood Amenities
Percentage of children ages 0-17 with access to a park or playground; recreation center, community center or boys' and girls' club; library or bookmobile; and sidewalks or walking paths.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Reading, Singing or Storytelling
Percentage of children ages 0-5 whose family members read, sang or told stories to them every day during the past week.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Physical Environment
See Measures Table – Women for physical environment measures. 

Clinical Care
Access to Care
Sum of weighted z-scores of ranked access to care measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
ADD/ADHD Treatment
Percentage of children ages 3-17 who currently have ADD or ADHD and are taking medication and received behavioral treatment.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Pediatricians
Number of pediatricians per 100,000 children ages 0-21.
U.S. HHS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, National Plan and Provider Enumeration System, Sept. 2019; CDC WONDER Single Race Population Estimates 2010-2018, September, 2019
Uninsured Children
Percentage of children younger than 19 years not covered by private or public health insurance.
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2018
Preventive Clinical Care
Sum of weighted z-scores of ranked preventive clinical services measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Childhood Immunizations
Percentage of children who received recommended doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis; poliovirus vaccine; measles-containing; Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate; hepatitis B; varicella; and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (combined 7-vaccine series) by age 35 months.
CDC, National Immunization Survey-Child, 2015-2016 Birth Cohort
HPV Vaccination
Percentage of adolescents ages 13-17 who have received all recommended doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
CDC, National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2018
Preventive Dental Care
Percentage of children ages 1-17 who had one or more preventive dental care visits during the past 12 months.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) , 2018–2019
Well-child Visit
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who received one or more preventive visits in the past 12 months.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2016–2017
Quality of Care
Sum of weighted z-scores of ranked quality of care measures for women.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Adequate Insurance
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who were continuously insured in the past year with adequate coverage, based on 3 criteria: whether their children’s insurance covers needed services and providers, and reasonably covers costs.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Developmental Screening
Percentage of children 9-35 months whose parent completed a standardized developmental screening tool in the past 12 months.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Medical Home
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who received coordinated, ongoing and comprehensive care within a medical home, including having a personal doctor or nurse, a dedicated source for sick care, family-centered care, and referrals and effective care coordination when needed.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Behaviors
Nutrition & Physical Activity
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked nutrition and physical activity measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
 Breastfed**
Percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for six months.
CDC, 2018 Breastfeeding Report Card, 2015
Food Sufficiency
Percentage of children ages 0-17 whose household could always afford to eat good nutritious meals in the past 12 months.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Physical Activity
Percentage of children ages 6-17 who were physically active at least 60 minutes everyday in the past week.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Soda Consumption - Youth*
Percentage of high school students who reported drinking a can, bottle or glass of soda or pop two or more times per day in the past week.
CDC, Youth Behavioral Risk Surveillance System, 2019
Sexual Health - Youth
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked measures for youth.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Dual Contraceptive Nonuse - Youth*
Percentage of sexually active high school students who reported not using both a condom during last sexual intercourse and birth control pills; an intrauterine device or implant; or a shot, patch or birth control ring before last sexual intercourse.
CDC, Youth Behavioral Risk Surveillance System, 2019
Teen Births
Number of births per 1,000 females ages 15-19.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Natality public-use data; CDC WONDER Bridged-Race Population Estimates 2010-2018, 2018
Sleep Health
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked sleep health measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Adequate Sleep
Percentage of children age 6-17 who sleep recommended age-appropriate hours on most weeknights.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Sleep Position
Percentage of women with a recent live birth who reported their infants are usually placed on their backs to sleep.
CDC and States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System or equivalent, 2018
Tobacco Use - Youth
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked tobacco use measures for youth.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Electronic Vapor Product Use - Youth*
Percentage of high school students who reported using an electronic vapor product in the past 30 days.
CDC, Youth Behavioral Risk Surveillance System, 2019
Tobacco Use - Youth
Percentage of children ages 12-17 who used a tobacco product in the past month.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) restricted online data analysis system (RDAS), 2017–2018
Health Outcomes
Behavioral Health
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked behavioral health measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Alcohol Use - Youth
Percentage of children ages 12-17 who reported drinking alcohol in the past month.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) restricted online data analysis system (RDAS), 2017–2018
Anxiety
Percentage of children ages 3-17 who currently have anxiety problems.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Depression
Percentage of children ages 3-17 who currently have depression.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Flourishing
Percentage of children ages 6 months-5 years who show affection, resilience, interest and curiosity in learning, and smile and laugh a lot; and children ages 6-17 who show self-regulation, interest and curiosity in learning, and work to finish tasks.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Illicit Drug Use -Youth
Percentage of children ages 12-17 who reported using illicit drugs, including marijuana, in the past month.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) restricted online data analysis system (RDAS), 2017–2018
Mortality
Weighted sum of the z-scores of ranked mortality measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Child Mortality
Age-adjusted number of deaths per 100,000 children ages 1-19.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Underlying Cause of Death, Multiple Cause of Death files, 2016–2018
Infant Mortality
Number of infant deaths (before age 1) per 1,000 live births.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Linked Birth/Infant Death files, 2016–2017
Neonatal Mortality*
Number of deaths during first 28 days of life (0-27 days) per 1,000 live births.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Linked Birth/Infant Death files, 2016–2017
Teen Suicide*
Number of deaths by suicide per 100,000 adolescents ages 15-19.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Underlying Cause of Death, Multiple Cause of Death files, 2016–2018
Physical Health
Sum of weighted z-scores of ranked physical health measures for children.
America's Health Rankings composite measure, 2020
Asthma
Percentage of children ages 0-17 who currently have asthma.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
High Health Status - Children*
Percentage of children ages 0-17 whose health is very good or excellent.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
Low Birthweight
Percentage of infants weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces) at birth.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Natality public-use data, 2018
Low Birthweight Racial Gap
Difference between the race/ethnicity with the highest percentage of low birthweight infants compared with white infants with low birthweight.
CDC WONDER Online Database, Natality public-use data, 2018
Overweight or Obesity - Youth
Percentage of children ages 10-17 who are overweight or obese for their age based upon reported height and weight.
National Survey of Children's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 2018–2019
* Supplemental measure.
** Data appearing in this update are the same that appeared in the 2019 edition. 
Measures Table – Children

Social & Economic Factors

Community and Family Safety

Child Victimization*

Economic Resources - Children

Children in Poverty

Children in Poverty Racial Gap

High-speed Internet

Students Experiencing Homelessness

WIC Coverage

Education - Children

Early Childhood Education Enrollment

Fourth Grade Reading Proficiency

High School Graduation

Social Support and Engagement - Children

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Foster Care Instability

Neighborhood Amenities

Reading, Singing or Storytelling

Physical Environment

Clinical Care

Access to Care

ADD/ADHD Treatment

Pediatricians

Uninsured Children

Preventive Clinical Care

Childhood Immunizations

HPV Vaccination

Preventive Dental Care

Well-child Visit

Quality of Care

Adequate Insurance

Developmental Screening

Medical Home

Behaviors

Nutrition & Physical Activity

Breastfed**

Food Sufficiency

Physical Activity

Soda Consumption - Youth*

Sexual Health - Youth

Dual Contraceptive Nonuse - Youth*

Teen Births

Sleep Health

Adequate Sleep

Sleep Position

Tobacco Use - Youth

Electronic Vapor Product Use - Youth*

Tobacco Use - Youth

Health Outcomes

Behavioral Health

Alcohol Use - Youth

Anxiety

Depression

Flourishing

Illicit Drug Use -Youth

Mortality

Child Mortality

Infant Mortality

Neonatal Mortality*

Teen Suicide*

Physical Health

Asthma

High Health Status - Children*

Low Birthweight

Low Birthweight Racial Gap

Overweight or Obesity - Youth

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