Findings Variations In Smoking | 2016 Health Of Women And Children Report

Executive Summary Introduction Explore the Health of Women, Children and Infants Findings The Health of Women and Children between States The Health of Women and Children within States Healthy Communities for Children Clinical Preventive Services for Children Racial Disparities in Measures of Mortality Variations in Smoking Measures of Women's Health Behaviors | Measures of Women’s Health Community & Environment | Measures of Women’s Health Policy | Measures of Women’s Health Clinical Care | Measures of Women’s Health Outcomes | Measures of Women’s Health Measures of Infants' Health Behaviors | Measures of Infants’ Health Community & Environment | Measures of Infants’ Health Policy | Measures of Infants’ Health Clinical Care | Measures of Infants’ Health Outcomes | Measures of Infants’ Health Measures of Children's Health Behaviors | Measures of Children’s Health Community & Environment | Measures of Children’s Health Policy | Measures of Children’s Health Clinical Care | Measures of Children’s Health Outcomes | Measures of Children’s HealthState Summaries

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United StatesAppendixData Sources and Measures of Women’s Health Data Sources and Measures of Infants’ Health Data Sources and Measures of Children’s Health Methodology Model Development America’s Health Rankings® Health of Women and Children Steering Group The Team

2016 Health of Women and Children Report 2016 Health of Women and Children - Chart Pack 2016 Health of Women and Children - Executive Summary

In the United States, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. This report includes four smoking measures; smoking among women aged 18 to 44, smoking during pregnancy among women aged 18 to 44, tobacco use among children aged 12 to 17, and children aged 0 to 17 living in households with a smoker. Naturally, these measures are highly correlated with each other—the Pearson correlation coefficient [i] between pairs of the four measures ranges from 0.61 to 0.89. The strongest correlation is between smoking among women and tobacco use among youth (Figure 17). 
While most states perform similarly across the four individual smoking measures, in some states there are unexpected differences between the measures. For example, Figure 18 depicts the prevalence of smoking among women and the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy. In some states, such as Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Wisconsin the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women is higher than expected, given the prevalence of smoking among women. In other states, such as Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, and New Mexico smoking prevalence among pregnant women is lower than expected, given the prevalence of smoking among women.
For all four measures of smoking, there are large differences across states. West Virginia has the highest prevalence of smoking for all four measures. Table 5 shows that the variation in smoking prevalence among women aged 18 to 44 is 4 times higher in West Virginia than in California, smoking among pregnant women aged 18 to 44 is 17 times higher in West Virginia than in Connecticut, the percentage of children living in households with a smoker (household smoke) is 3.3 times higher in West Virginia than in Utah, and tobacco use among youth is 2.5 times higher in West Virginia than in California.  
i. Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of linear correlation between two variables that ranges from +1.0 when perfectly directly correlated to -1.0 for perfectly inversely correlated. 

Figure 17 - Comparison of Smoking Prevalence in Women and Tobacco Use in Youth


Figure 18 - Comparison of Smoking Prevalence in All Women and Pregnant Women

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